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購(gòu)買(mǎi)進(jìn)口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物 m.kjhfd.cn |
【Towersimper注:本文為譯文,僅用作研究之用,不得用作商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā),轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)標(biāo)明翻譯者towersimper】 [The Scientist: May 24, 2011 by Cristina Luiggi] 1.長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA的新作用 利用染色體形成的環(huán),基因間的長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(long intergenic noncoding RNA, lincRNA)能激活相隔超遠(yuǎn)距離的HOXA基因(其基因家族參與細(xì)胞成型化),這也是已知的為數(shù)不多的lincRNA激活基因的例子之一。 K.C. Wang, et al., "A long noncoding RNA maintains active chromatin to coordinate homeotic gene expression," Nature, 472:120-4, 2011. Evaluated by W. Lee Kraus, Univ of Texas; Panagiotis Ntziachristos and Iannis Aifantis, HHMI/New York Univ School of Medicine; Leonie Ringrose, Inst of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH, Austria; Pamela Geyer, Univ of Iowa. 2.染色體分離 (圖片來(lái)源于維基百科) 細(xì)胞分裂期間,要使得染色體正確分離,紡錘體微管必須合適地附著到稱(chēng)作著絲粒(kinetochore)的蛋白復(fù)合體上。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),細(xì)胞通過(guò)激酶Aurora B磷酸化和蛋白磷酸酶1(PP1)去磷酸化著絲粒蛋白來(lái)調(diào)控這個(gè)過(guò)程。 D. Liu, et al., "Regulated targeting of protein phosphatase 1 to the outer kinetochore by KNL1 opposes Aurora B kinase1," J Cell Biol,188:809-20, 2011. Evaluated by Tomoyuki Tanaka, Univ of Dundee, UK; Stefan Westermann, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Austria; Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy. Univ of Ottawa, Canada; Vincent Vanoosthuyse and Kevin Hardwick, Univ of Edinburgh, UK. 3. 消除脅迫在植物中留下的遺傳記憶 當(dāng)遭遇環(huán)境脅迫因素(stressor),如熱時(shí),植物激活稱(chēng)作逆轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子(retrotransposon)的可移動(dòng)遺傳因子(mobile genetic element),而逆轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子復(fù)制自己,并插入到基因組內(nèi),誘導(dǎo)遺傳變化,從而有助于植物應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境脅迫。在擬南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中,小干涉性RNA(siRNA)抑制由熱脅迫激活的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子轉(zhuǎn)錄,從而在有性繁殖之前消除環(huán)境脅迫在基因組上留下的痕跡,這樣就能確保植株后代沒(méi)有儲(chǔ)存脅迫留下來(lái)的遺傳記憶。 H. Ito, et al., "An siRNA pathway prevents transgenerational retrotransposition in plants subjected to stress," Nature, 6472:115-9, 2011. Evaluated by Robert Sablowski, John Innes Centre, UK; Renate Schmidt, IPK Gatersleben, Germany; Ian Henderson, Univ of Cambridge, UK. 4.同行評(píng)審的黃金規(guī)則 在細(xì)胞的分子生物學(xué)(Molecular Biology of the Cell)雜志的一篇社論中,雜志主編為怎樣成為一名公正的和建設(shè)性的評(píng)審員提供一些指導(dǎo)規(guī)則,其中第一條規(guī)則就是“除非你做到公正無(wú)私,否則從不接受邀請(qǐng)去評(píng)審他人的稿件”。 DG Drubin, "Any jackass can trash a manuscript, but it takes good scholarship to create one (how MBoC promotes civil and constructive peer review)," Mol Biol Cell, 22:525-7, 2011. Evaluated by Etienne Joly, CNRS, France; Ferdinando Boero, Universita' del Salento, Italy; Gerald Zamponi, Univ of Calgary, Canada; Larry Kane, Univ of Pittsburgh. 5.谷氨酸受體類(lèi)似蛋白(GLR)的新作用 針對(duì)秀麗隱桿線蟲(chóng)的陰門(mén)成型化(vulval patterning),人們提出了兩種機(jī)制,最新研究表明這兩種機(jī)制并不是相互排斥的。根據(jù)一個(gè)計(jì)算模型,這兩種途徑之間相互作用的變化導(dǎo)致能選擇兩種不同的細(xì)胞成型化模式中的一種:順序模式(級(jí)聯(lián)模式)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)或產(chǎn)生成形素(morphogen)梯度,這樣就解決了關(guān)于陰門(mén)細(xì)胞命運(yùn)的長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。 E. Michard, et al., "Glutamate receptor-like genes form Ca2+ channels in pollen tubes and are regulated by pistil D-serine," Science, 332:434-7, 2011. Evaluated by Heng-Cheng Hu and Caren Chang, Univ of Maryland; Wagner Araujo and Alisdair Fernie, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Germany; Wataru Sakamoto, Okayama Univ, Japan. 6.揭示植物去甲基化機(jī)制 活躍的DNA去甲基化,這是一個(gè)人們了解很少的表觀遺傳學(xué)過(guò)程,涉及到除去胞嘧啶堿基上的甲基基團(tuán)。過(guò)量表達(dá)的酶TET-1能誘導(dǎo)這一過(guò)程發(fā)生,它把一個(gè)羥基基團(tuán)添加到甲基化的胞嘧啶上,將之作為去甲基化的標(biāo)簽。 J.U. Guo, et al., "Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain," Cell, 145:423-34, 2011. Evaluated by Elisabetta Tabolacci and Giovanni Neri, Universit? Cattolica del S Cuore, Italy; Faraz Sultan and David Sweatt, Univ of Alabama at Birmingham 7.植物死亡調(diào)節(jié)物 眾所周知,植物蛋白酶metacaspase的動(dòng)物同源物調(diào)節(jié)凋亡和發(fā)炎。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物擬南芥metacaspase也參與調(diào)節(jié)程序性細(xì)胞死亡和天然免疫(innate immunity),表明這些功能在不同物種之間高度保守。 N.S. Coll, et al., "Arabidopsis type I metacaspases control cell death," Science, 330:1393-7, 2011. Evaluations by Daniel Gallie, Univ of California; Beno?t Lacroix and Vitaly Citovsky, SUNY at Stony Brook; Alexei Kurakin and Roya Khosravi-Far, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center。 |
購(gòu)買(mǎi)進(jìn)口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物
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